Atlas of Battles

commander, 18 engagements

Battles of Murad II

Battles of Murad II

sixth Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1421–1444, 1446–1451), 1404 to 1451

Murad II is recorded as a commander at 18 placed engagements in the atlas between 1416 and 1448: 10 battles and 8 sieges across 5 present-day countries, most in Turkey (8), Serbia (4), Greece (3). Taken in date order, the sites lie 8,119 km apart end to end, 478 km between engagements on average. Most belong to Crusade of Varna (2), Serbian–Ottoman Wars (1), Ottoman Wars in Europe (1).

Battle of KaraburunBattle of ManisaBattle of ThessalonicaSiege of SamsunBattle of UlubadBattle of GallipoliBattle of BoluBattle of İznikSiege of GolubacSiege of Smederevo (1439)Siege of Novo BrdoBattle of ZlaticaSiege of the Hexamilion WallSiege of ThessalonicaSiege of ConstantinopleSiege of BelgradeBattle of VarnaBattle of KosovoSiege of ThessalonicaSiege of ConstantinopleSiege of BelgradeBattle of VarnaBattle of KosovoAthensAnkaraMilanAleppoNaplesBucharestBudapestMunichZürichTunis1000 km41.295N, 23.305E
18 placed engagements, coloured by era. Present-day coastlines; ringed marks are the most widely documented.

Engagements by year

1416: 3 engagements1420: 1 engagements1422: 4 engagements4 in 14221423: 2 engagements1428: 1 engagements1439: 1 engagements1440: 2 engagements1443: 1 engagements1444: 1 engagements1446: 1 engagements1448: 1 engagements14161448
18 dated engagements, one bar per year, coloured by era.

In time order

Battle of Karaburun, 1416Battle of Manisa, 1416Battle of Thessalonica, 1416Siege of Samsun, 1420Battle of Ulubad, 1422Battle of Gallipoli, 1422Siege of Thessalonica, 1422Siege of Constantinople, 1422Battle of Bolu, 1423Battle of İznik, 1423Siege of Golubac, 1428Siege of Smederevo (1439), 1439Siege of Belgrade, 1440Siege of Novo Brdo, 1440Battle of Zlatica, 1443Battle of Varna, 1444Siege of the Hexamilion Wall, 1446Battle of Kosovo, 144814161448
One tick per dated engagement; each tick is a link.

Wars 5

Engagements by date

DateEngagementPlaceFrom the lastResult
1416Battle of KaraburunKaraburun district, TurkeyOttoman victory
1416Battle of ManisaManisa, Turkey80 km EOttoman victory
1416Battle of ThessalonicaThessaloniki, Greece446 km NWVictory for Mehmed I
1420Siege of SamsunTurkey1,126 km EOttoman victory
1422Battle of UlubadTurkey664 km WVictory for Murad II
1422Battle of GallipoliGallipoli, Turkey183 km WVictory for Murad II
May 1422Siege of ThessalonicaThessaloniki, Greece298 km WOttoman victory
August 1422Siege of ConstantinopleConstantinople, Turkey509 km EByzantine victory
1423Battle of BoluBolu, Turkey223 km EOttoman victory
1423Battle of İznikİznik, Turkey162 km WOttoman victory
April 1428Siege of GolubacGolubac, Serbia811 km NWOttoman victory
1439Siege of Smederevo (1439)Serbia56 km WOttoman victory; Fall of the Serbian Despotate
March 1440Siege of BelgradeBelgrade, Serbia843 km WHungarian and Serbian victory
October 1440Siege of Novo BrdoNovo Brdo, Kosovo922 km EOttoman victory
1443Battle of ZlaticaBulgaria222 km EOttoman victory
10 November 1444Battle of VarnaVarna, Bulgaria310 km EOttoman victory
27 November 1446Siege of the Hexamilion WallHexamilion wall, Greece719 km SWOttoman victory
17 October 1448Battle of KosovoKosovo Polje, Serbia546 km NOttoman victory

Sources and method

Commanders come from the commander fields of the English Wikipedia infoboxes of these engagements (CC BY-SA 4.0), resolved to one article each; portrait, dates and description from Wikidata (CC0) and Wikimedia Commons, 16th century artist, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons. Distances are great-circle distances between recorded sites, not marches.