Atlas of Battles

battle, major, medieval

Battle of Levounion

Battle of Levounion was a battle fought in 1091 at Enez, in what is now Turkey. Its exact site is not recorded; the atlas places it at Enez. It was part of the Byzantine–Pecheneg wars, which ran from 1046 to 1122. The recorded result: Byzantine victory.

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Painting of Alexius I, from a Greek manuscript in the Vatican library Español: Retrat de Alejo I Comneno procedente de un manuscrito griego de la biblioteca del Vaticano
Painting of Alexius I, from a Greek manuscript in the Vatican library Español: Retrat de Alejo I Comneno procedente de un manuscrito griego de la biblioteca del Vaticano. AnonymousUnknown author, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
Fought1091
WhereEnez, Turkey40.725N, 26.082E, placed at the location, approximate
OutcomeByzantine victory
BelligerentsByzantines, including Vlach, Bulgarian, Frankish and Flemish contingents; CumansagainstPechenegs
Casualties and lossesUnknownandUnknown, but thought to be heavy
Part ofByzantine–Pecheneg wars1046 to 1122

Where it sits in the Byzantine–Pecheneg wars

Battle of Dristra, 1087Battle of Levounion, 1091Battle of Beroia, 112210871122Battle of Levounion, 1091
3 placed engagements of the Byzantine–Pecheneg wars in time order; taller ticks are more widely documented. Each tick is a link.

Record

Date1091 (year precision)
PlaceEnez, Turkey
40.725N, 26.082E
KindBattle, medieval
Strength13,000 Byzantines; 5,000 Vlachs; 500 Latin Knights; 10,000–20,000 Cumans; or 40,000 Cumans30,000–40,000 Pechenegs; or 600,000 Pechenegs
Casualties and lossesUnknownUnknown, but thought to be heavy
Commanders
Battle of LevounionBattle of LevounionBattle of MaritsaBattle of Sırp SındığıBattle of MerhamliLanding at Suvla BayBattle of Scimitar HillBattle of MaritsaBattle of MerhamliLanding at Suvla BayBattle of Scimitar HillBalıkesirEdirneÇanakkaleXanthiLüleburgazKavalaKırklareli100 km40.725N, 26.082E
Placed at Enez; the exact site is not recorded. with the nearest other engagements in the atlas. Present-day coastlines, rivers and borders; towns from Natural Earth.

The ground today

Relief of the ground around the site of Battle of Levounion
Relief within about 10.0 km of the site, contours every 25 m. Copernicus DEM GLO-30, ESA.
Satellite view of the site of Battle of Levounion today
The same ground from Sentinel-2 on 2025-08-22. Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2025.

The recorded site stands at about 19 m; within 10.0 km the ground runs from 0 to 213 m, 213 m of relief, hilly country and today it is 30% wetland, 27% water, 19% cropland.

wetland: 30%water: 27%cropland: 19%grassland: 19%built-up: 2%wetland 30%water 27%cropland 19%grassland 19%built-up 2%
west to east, 10.0 km0 to 77 mnorth to south, 10.0 km0 to 24 m
Elevation from the Copernicus DEM GLO-30 (ESA, Airbus); land cover from ESA WorldCover 2021 (CC BY 4.0), within about 5 km of the recorded site. Computed, not recorded.

Nearest engagements

In the same war

Elsewhere in 1091

Battle of Levounion is one of 318 engagements of the 11th century in the atlas and one of 622 in present-day Turkey.

Sources

Identity, coordinates, dates and the war from Wikidata Q952260, released under CC0. Result, belligerents, commanders, strength and casualties from the infobox of the English Wikipedia article Battle of Levounion, revision 1370447553, read 2026-11-14, licensed CC BY-SA 4.0; the article's text is not reproduced here. Present-day country and state from Natural Earth. Dates before 1582 follow the Julian calendar as recorded.